Cosmology with the Planck satellite

ISAS 「宇宙科学談話会（第32回）」

講師:   Francois R. Bouchet (Institut D’Astrophysique de Paris)
http://www2.iap.fr/users/bouchet/bouchet.html

題目:   Cosmology with the Planck satellite

           Space Science Colloquium

Date:       16:30-17:30, 9th of December (Wed), 2015
Place:    　 Conference room (Main building 2F)
Speaker:     Francois R. Bouchet (Institut D’Astrophysique de Paris)
Title:       Cosmology with the Planck satellite

Abstract: Sketched out in 1992, selected by ESA in 1996, and launched in 
2009, the Planck satellite was shut off in 2013, after a measuring 
mission that exceeded all expectations. The Planck collaboration 
delivered a first set of cosmological data and results in March 21st 
2013, and the full set in February 2015. Part of the data delivery is a 
"definitive" map of the anisotropies of the Cosmic Microwave Background 
(CMB), its angular power spectrum together with their full statistical 
characterisation. The 2015 delivery also includes pioneering 
polarisation data. The temperature anisotropy map displays minuscule 
variations as a function of the observing direction, of rms ~100microK,  
of the fossil radiation around its mean temperature of 2.725K. Other 
maps reveal the CMB polarisation. The anisotropies are the imprint of   
the primordial fluctuations which initiated the growth of the large 
scale structures of the Universe, as transformed by their evolution, in 
particular during the first 370 000 years. The polarisation is another 
imprint whose theoretical implications can then be confronted with those 
derived from the temperature field. I will described the results we 
obtained  so far from temperature and polarisation data, both in terms 
of content of the universe and of characteristics of the primordial 
fluctuations.

Chromospheric Lyman-Alpha Spectro-Polarimeter (CLASP)

         「宇宙科学談話会（第２８回）」

日時:   2015年11月4日(水) 16:30-17:30
場所:   宇宙研 A棟2階 大会議場
講師:   鹿野　良平　（国立天文台）
題目:   Chromospheric Lyman-Alpha Spectro-Polarimeter (CLASP)
概要：
　国際共同プロジェクトChromospheric Lyman-Alpha Spectro-Polarimeter
(CLASP)は、仏国・スペイン・ノルウェーの協力の下、日米で進めてきた観測
ロケット実験です。その目的は、ライマンα輝線(121.567nm)の直線偏光を
0.1%という高精度で測定し、ハンレ効果を用いて彩層・遷移層の磁場情報を
得ることです。
　CLASP観測装置は、カセグレン望遠鏡・偏光分光解析装置・2次元撮像光学系の
3つの構成要素からなり、CCDカメラ(米国担当)と回折格子(仏国担当)を除く
大部分は日本が担当し開発されました。今年の9月3日にNASA観測ロケットに
よって米国ホワイトサンズ発射場から無事に打上げられ、太陽大気の彩層・
遷移層が放つライマンα輝線の偏光観測に世界で初めて成功しました。また、
太陽観測衛星「ひので」やIRIS衛星、および地上太陽観測所との共同観測に
より、太陽表面から上層コロナまで多面的なデータを取得しています。
　今回得られた素晴らしい観測データにより、現在、当初目的の偏光解析以外
にも様々な観点から解析研究が進められています。

Hot news from hot Venus

2015-05-20 ISAS seminar

Speaker:    Dr.Javier Peralta (ITYF, ISAS)
Title:      Hot news from hot Venus
Abstract:
After decades of space exploration, the misterious Earth's twin planet
jealously keeps most of its secrets hidden below its persistent cloud
coverage. Despite both planets were certainly born as nearly identical
bodies, Venus' cruel fate has condemned it to hell conditions for life
in its obscured surface, at the time that its atmosphere is a living
paradox where the planet rotates as slow as fast its atmosphere is. And
the history of its exploration clearly teaches a simple rule: Venus is
never as expected.

Toshio Fukushima

http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Toshio_Fukushima

            「宇宙科学談話会（第12回）」
日時:       2015年4月1日(水) 16:30-17:30
場所:       宇宙研 A棟2階 大会議場
講師:       福島登志夫 (国立天文台)
題目:       ハンバーガー、バナナ、クレープ、そしてバウムクーヘンの重力場
概要：
世の中には奇妙な形をした天体が飛び交っている。ある准惑星はハンバーガーみ
たいだし、別の小惑星はバナナ（それとも鰹節？）の形をしている。また、土星
の輪のようにクレープやバウムクーヘンと例えるほうが適切なものもある。この
ような天体の近くを周航したり着陸しようとすると、それらの重力場を計算した
り解析する必要に迫られる。しかしながら、お決まりのレシピ（＝球面調和展開）
は、（ブリュラン散乱で有名な、あの）ブリュリランの呪いにより、必ずしも使
えるとは限らない。ここでは、著者の悪戦苦闘の数々を、やや物語風にお伝えす
る。詳しい（真面目な？）情報をお望みの方は、以下のＷＥＢサイトをご参照く
ださい。
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Toshio_Fukushima


　　　　　  Space Science Colloquium
Date:       16:30-17:30, 1 April (Wed), 2015
Place:      Conference room (Main building 2F)
Speaker:    Toshio Fukushima (National Astronomical Observatory Japan)
Title:      Gravitational Field of Apple, Banana, and Crepe (ABC)
Abstract:
Funny objects are flying across the universe. Some planets recall
apples, some asteroids are banana-shaped, and Saturnian rings look
like crepe. If you (or a space mission) want to get close to, move
around, and/or land on them, you need to estimate, measure, and/or
analyze their gravitational fields. Nevertheless, the routine recipe
named the spherical harmonic expansion does not always work
due to the curse of Brillouin, who is famous for Brillouin scattering
and stands for B of the WKB approximation. This talk rephrases the
author's hard days to tackle this fundamental problem as a sort
of fairy tale. If you prefer a serious story and/or detailed information
including the PDF of academic articles and related Fortran programs,
please visit the following WEB site of the author's:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Toshio_Fukushima

The Power of Topology in Superstring Theory

ISAS

　　　　　  Space Science Colloquium
Date:       16:30-17:30, 5th of November (Wed), 2014
Place:      Conference room (Main building 2F)
Speaker:    Hiroshi Oguri (Caltech, USA)
Title:      The Power of Topology in Superstring Theory


Abstract:
Superstring theory is the leading candidate for the ultimate unified
theory of all the matters and forces in nature. It postulates that
fundamental building blocks are not point particles but strings, and it
is defined in (9+1)-dimensional spacetime. The rich structure in
particle physics in our (3+1) dimensions, such as quark and lepton
flavors, gauge forces, and the Higgs boson to break the gauge symmetry,
is expected to emerge from the geometry of the extra 6 (= 9 - 3)
dimensions, called a Calabi-Yau space. We want to derive quantitative
predictions on our universe from the geometry of the Calabi-Yau space.
However, the Calabi-Yau space is so complicated that we do not even know
an expression for its metric, namely how to measure the distance between
two points on the space. Given this limitation, what can we do? In this
talk, I will describe techniques we have developed to overcome this
difficulty and applications of these techniques to problems in physics
and mathematics.

Exploring the Dark Sector with Euclid and WFIRST-AFTA

ISAS

　　　　　  Space Science Colloquium
Date:       16:30-17:30, 4th of November (Tue), 2014
Place:      Conference room (Main building 2F)
Speaker:    Jason Rhodes (NASA/JPL, USA)
Title:      Exploring the Dark Sector with Euclid and WFIRST-AFTA

Abstract:
Dark energy, the name given to the cause of the accelerating expansion
of the Universe, is one of the most profound mysteries in modern
science. Current cosmological models hold that dark energy is currently
the dominant component of the Universe, but the exact nature of dark
energy remains poorly understood. There are ambitious ground-based
surveys underway that seek to understand dark energy and NASA is
participating in the development of significantly more ambitious
space-based surveys planned for the next decade. NASA is providing
mission-enabling technology to the European Space Agency‘s (ESA) 

Euclid mission in exchange for US scientists to participate in the Euclid
mission. NASA is also developing the Wide Field Infrared Survey
Telescope-Astrophysics Focused Telescope Asset (WFIRST-AFTA) mission for
possible launch in ~2023. WFIRST was the highest ranked space mission in
the Astro2010 Decadal Survey and the AFTA incarnation of the WFIRST
design uses a 2.4m space telescope to go beyond what the Decadal Survey
envisioned for WFIRST. Understanding dark energy is one of the primary
science goals of WFIRST-AFTA. I’ll discuss the status of Euclid and
WFIRST and comment on the complementarity of the two missions. I’ll also
briefly discuss other, exciting science goals for WFIRST, including a
search for exoplanets using both microlensing and a dedicated
coronagraph for exoplanet imaging.

杉田精司（東京大学）

 「宇宙理学談話会」
日時:       2014年7月2日(水) 16:30-17:30
場所:       宇宙研 A棟2階 大会議場
講師:       杉田精司（東京大学）
演題:       Spectroscopic observations of C-type asteroids with
            the AKARI satellite and an outlook for HAYABUSA-2 mission

http://www.astrobio.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp

IceCube experiment

2014-02-07 @ ISAS

Date:       16:30-17:30, 7 February (Fri) 2014
Place:      Conference room (Main building 2F)
Speaker:    Shigeru Yoshida (Chiba University)
Title:      (TBC) IceCube experiment

Status and perspectives of gravitational wave research

2014-01-14 @ ISAS

Date:       16:30-17:30, 14 January (Tue) 2014
Place:      Meeting Room A (New A-building, 2F)
Speaker:    Raffaele Flaminio (NAOJ)
Title:      Status and perspectives of gravitational wave research

Abstract: 
After a few years of data taking with Virgo and initial LIGO,
advanced gravitational wave detectors based on laser
interferometers are being built in the US (Advanced LIGO),
in Europe (Advanced Virgo) and in Japan (KAGRA).
These detectors are expected reach their design sensitivity
by the end of the decade and to open the field of gravitational
wave astronomy. In this talk I will briefly recall the most
promising sources of gravitational waves as well as the
motivations for pursuing the detection of the signals they emit.
I will then recall the principles and the issues involved in
the detection of gravitational waves with ground based laser
interferometers. The present status of the the detectors
development and in particular of the KAGRA project will be
described. The last part of the talk will be devoted to the
techniques involved in the analysis of the data collected
using this kind of detectors, to some of the results obtained
with Virgo and initial LIGO and to the perspectives of
detection with advanced laser interferometers.

宇宙マイクロ波背景放射偏光観測に向けた多色Transition Edge Sensor ボロメータ検出器の開発

講　師：　鈴木　鈴木 有春(アリトキ) 氏（カリフォルニア大学バークレイ校博士研究員）

題　目：　宇宙マイクロ波背景放射偏光観測に向けた多色Transition Edge Sensorボロメータ検出器の開発

要　旨：
近年の宇宙マイクロ波背景放射(CMB)観測はその偏光成分を精密観測することにより、大規模構造による重力レンズ効果や初期宇宙インフレーション期の原始重力波を起源とする「Bモード」偏光の観測を目指している。我々は直線偏光特性と広域な周波数帯域を持つSinuousアンテナで集光し、信号を多色周波数帯域に分けTransitionEdge Sensor (TES)ボロメータで読み取る多色検出器を実現した。地上実験POLARBEARや衛星計画LiteBIRDなどを例に使いCMB観測におけるTESボロメータ焦点面の開発状況を報告する

2014-01-07 13:30-14:30 @ ISAS

月探査機SELENE（かぐや）は何を目指し、何を得たのか？

            「宇宙理学談話会」
2013-12-04
日時:       12月4日(水) 16:30-17:30
場所:       宇宙研 研究管理棟 2階大会議室
講演者：　  春山純一（宇宙研、太陽系物理学研究系）
タイトル：  月探査機SELENE（かぐや）は何を目指し、何を得たのか？
概要：
　日本の月探査機SELENE（かぐや）は、2007年に打ち上げられ、1年半にわたる
ミッションで、成功裏にデータ収集を終えた。打ち上げから6年、ミッション終
了から4年、この間に多くの科学的成果が生まれてきている。本講演では、
SELENEの科学的成果をまとめるとともに、今後の月科学研究、探査の展望を述べ
たい。